Means for generating electricity from car-wheel axles



(No Model.) I zslleefis -Sheec 1. M. MOSKOWITZ. MEANS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM UAR-WHEEL AXLES.

No. 571,951. Patented Nov. 24, 18964 S INVENTOR- F| 4 MORRIS MOSKOWITZ.

WITNESSES;

@ms M/UL V ATTO EY (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I M. MOSKOWITZ. MEANS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM GAR WHEEL AXLES. No. 571,951.

- Patented Nov. 24,1896.

WITNESSES.

ATTORNEY 1n: NORRIS PETERS 60., WASHINGTON, n. c,

. Unrrnn- STATES P TENT Orrice. Y

MORRIS MOSKOWITZ, OF NEWARK, NEW gERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO 'lllll .\'f\- TIONAL l lLECTRlO QNRLIGHTING (OiilPANXQ OF YVEST' 'VIRGL'LL- MEANS FGR GENERATING ELECTRliIiTY FROM CAR-WHEEL AXLES.

SPECIFICA'JIEON forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,951, dated November 24, 1896.

Application filed July 19, 1895- Ssrial No. 556,504. (No model) Improvements in Means for Generating Elec-- iricit-y from Oar Wheel Axles; and .i dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description of, the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it-appertains to makeand 'use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked there-- on, which form a part of this specification.

My present invention relates to a novel means of generating electricity from a dyname one car-Wheel axle to be used in corn 4 nection with a system of lighting and heating or 'i'hc" dynamolo he'iiereinaiic' r described,"

railway-cars by electricity; and the-invention is designed to provide a dynamo secured directly to the car-wheel axle, said. dynamo (30111: prising therein field-magnets, an armature, colnnmt-at-or, and brush-holders all made in half-sections, and means for securing these hali-sections-t-o the car-wheel axle, whereby the dynamo can he opcraiively arranged on theajvlc without removing the car-wheels,

and the dynamo thereby being driven by the.

power derived from the said axle.

The-invention is 'iurtl-ierniore designed to provide a simple and effective contrivance or apparatus from which a constant voltage or output of eieetromotive force will be the result,.irrc'spective of the speed ofthe dynamo-armature and the direction of the retation of the sa d armature.

'lhe-inv'cniion therefore consists in the combination of a car-wheel axle and 'a dynamo thereon, comprising field-magnets, an armature,-"eounnutator, and brush :holders all madc in' liz-ilf-s-cctionsthe armaturc sections beingseparately wound before they are placed on theaxic; and being connected incircuit' ai'i'e-r'ilic'klynamo-scct'ions "have been secured.

to the axle. v r

The invention consists; i tliex",1-liiihe novel arrangen'ients and Ill'GClQlillljSOf construction an'd a-lso in the organization of se\'*era1 apparains and circniis'ii) m'aint'a-in theentput of i h c electron not i c "forceifonsiani and tocause the electricity which feeds the lamps'or other electric translating devices in the main circuit to pass into andtlrrough the same in one andthe same direction, irrespective of the change of armature rotation duo to-the change of rotation of the car-wheelaxlo when the car moves forwardly or backwardly.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawings, in which' Figure 1 'isan elevation of the dynamo mounted on a car-wheel axle in accordance with the prineiples of my invention, illustrating in vertical sect ion a sectional casing and field-cores of the dynamo connected therewith and showing in side elei'aiion one arrangement of amechanically-i iperated poleehanger and a mechanical governor operated from the car-wheol axle to control a-' rheostat for the purpose of graduating the field strength and to maintain the poi u:tialat the terminals consiant. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section, taken on line .1: in Fig. 1, looking in in the direciion oi the arrow 2; and Fig. 3 is alike section, taken on line a in said Fig. l. but looking in the direction of the arrow 3.

Figui is atop View ofthe governor, rhco'stat,

and part of the car-wheel axle, illustrating one arrangement of operating the rlreostat; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the armature half-sections and certain other see views to indicate correspond in gparts.

I will first describe the general arrangement and construction of the dynamo, the several parts of which are made in half-sections and then secured tothe car-wheel aide b. A is the "dynamo which supplies the elee tricalener'gy for operating the lamps or other electrical translating devicesin the main circnit ir-"thecar. "Said dynamocoin prises'there 2 men in an armature a, consisting, essential1y,.of a series of semicircular rings a, which are arranged upon each other with thin sheets of insulating material between them to form a pair of semicylindrical armature-sections, substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Said semicircular rings are each provided with the dovetailed portions a ,.in which, when two of said se micylindrical sections formed by a suitsble number of such semicircular rings are placed in position on a car-wheel axle, correspondingly-formed keys a and a are driven to firmly bind and secure said previously wound semicylindrical. sections on the carwheel axle b. Said semiring's a are cut away, as at a and aflin the usual manner, and they are secured together by means of suitablyinsulated'bolts a to form said semicylindrical in the dovetailed portions (1. ,then the four dangling ends of' the wire on the armaturesections are properly connected toform a. complete circuit through the several coils of wire. Q11 either side'of said hollow armature thus completed are suitable bearing-plates a and a, each having an outwardly-extending 'bearing portion a all of said parts being made in halves and securely held ipposition on the opposite sides of the armature by means of bolts'a, as will be clearly understood from Fig. 1. Said half-bearing plates a and a" are cut away or recessed, .as'at a,

whereby they may be fitted over suitable lugs or projections b on the car-wheel axle bto prevent clipping of the parts thereon.

ln-Figs. 7 and 8 I have illustrated'a form of commutator which consists, essentially, of the two halflsections c and 0', provided with bearingportions c and-c respectively, and being adapted to be firmly clamped to the car-wheel axle b by means of-the bolts at Each half-section c and c'- is provided with a .emicircular groove '0 (see Fig. 7,) in which" are secured the small commutator-sections a, separated ,Ifrom each other by any suitable insulating material, each commutator-section being connected with the armature-coil by means of the insulated wires 0', as clearly in dicated in Fig. 1. As will be rea ily understood from an iuspection'of said Fig. '1, said armature-sections and commutator-sections any suitshleshape, consists of two sections.

e' and c, having the surrounding flanges e which are made to fit closely upon each other and are secured together by bolts e, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, Ate and c said sections e and e are respectively provided with flanges which are fitted over said half-bearings (Z and d and are secured thereto byset-screyvs or bolts (Z and d 1 As an extra precaution to prevent the displacement Ofl' llG bearing plates cl and d, semicylindrical rings d and d", having flanges and secured together'by the bolts (1, '(seo Fig..1,) are permanently fixed on. theaxle b by the bolts (1? to form collars alongside of said bearing-plates d and d.' To prevent the rotation of said casing on the axle b, the upper section e is provided with suitable screw-eyes e and chains 6, connected therewith and secured to the beams of the car-truck, whichpermits of a partially- I swinging motion of the casing and its bear-' ings on the'car uheel axle,.but prevents its turning with the latter. Said sections c and e are open in the top and bottom, respectively, and secured in said openings by bolts f in such a manner as to project into'the casing are suitable soft-iron cores f and f',which are curved, as at f, and are wound with the wire coils f and fitoform the field-magnets of the dynamo, as will be clearly evident from Figsland2. i

The brush-holders, which may he of any suitable construction, so far as the brush holding part is concerned, consist of two lialfsections or holders 9 and g, secured by means of bolts g directly to the-ends of the halfsleeves extending into the casing E, as will be understood more particularly from Fig. 5 the brushes'g of said holders extending from the side thereof and being in operative contact with the commutator'sections c as they pass said brushes in sliding con-tact when the car-wheel axle is rotating. Thus it will be seen that a dynamo has been devised which can be secured to the car-wheel axle without "necessitating the removal of the car-wheel from the axle to arrange the dynamo thereon. Of course it will be evident that the parts of the dynamo and the casing E and fieldmagnets-.iiiaybe difierently constructed, the essential feature ofthe invention being a dynamo, for the-purposes herein stated, com prising therein field-magnets, an armature, commutator, and brush-holders,- all made in half-sections, and means for securing said half-sections to the car-wheel axle. I

I-wi11 now proceed to describe the manner of carrying out that part'of my invention pertaining to the varying the strength of the field-magnets automatically andiustantly in proportion to the increase. or decrease-of the armature speed.

In circuit with the fieldscoils of thedynumo is an ordinary rheostat h, secured in any suitstat-plates 7L and is in circuit with the circuit-wires 8 and 9, as. clear v indicated in Fig. 9. Saidleveris operativelyeonnected, by means of an intermediatcly-arrangcd system ofcranlz-arms 'z' or any other suitable mcchanism, with one end of a mechanical ball-governor '1', arranged in a bracket 4? and having apinion in operative engagement or mesh 1 with a gear-wheel 1 secured directly to. the

a/xle b, as in Figs. l and 4, or the parts of said governor may be made to slide directly on the car-wheel axle b, as indicated in Fig. 9.

Any suitable construction of "overnor and connecting mechanism' may be used to operate-the controller 72) of the rheostat.

. seen-that in its normal condition whcnthe' When the speed of the axle and the arma-Y 'ture thereon, and henc'ethe electromotive force of the dynamo, increases ab'ovca pro de'terminednumberof revolutions, then the governor causes the arm h of the rheostat to throw into-circuit any desired resistance, and thereby decreases the electromotive force in the field-coiis of the dynamo in proportion .to; the speed of thearmatureand its axle and the resistance cut in, and the result will be that the output of the electromotive force from the dynamo into the main circuit is equalized and maintained constant. As the speed is decreased the lever 71,. returns to its normal position and theresistance-coils in the rh'eostat, are again out out of circuit, as will be clearly understood. Thus it. will be dynamo is rotating at a predetermined speed there will be no interruption of the current in its passage from the brushes of the dynamo 1 to the fields, the current passing through the circuits and the rheostat without obstruction but as soon as the first resistance-coil is introduced, as the speed of the armature in.- .creases above the predetermined speed, then there. is a corresponding decrease of the 'elec tromotive force in the field-coils' of-the dynamo, and the result is a decrease in the magnetic induction of the fields which tends and does equalize the electro'mo't-ive force of the dynamo.

The 'encral arralwement of the main cir cuit and the working circuits and these "a1 operating devicesis illustrated in Fig. 9.

It will be understood that the armatureshaft, which is the car-wheel axle, is necessarily subject to reversal of rotation, accordf ingto the direction in which the car is moving, and of course when the dynamo-armature rotates in opposite directions'there is a chauge'cf polarity of the dynamo-at itsterminals. I have therefore arranged in the casing-section e a-pole-changer which consists of a pivoted yoke Z, having a post Z, extending into a pivoted socket 7r, and is pressed down upon a',.'leather or other, band an, se: cured in any well-known manner on the carwheel axle b by means of a coiled spring. Z

in said socket: Pivotally connected with the one side of said socket 7c is a bar -n,-which operates the pivoted contact-arms 0 and 0.of

the switch 0, (see Figs. 3 and 9,) said arms being connected by a cross-bar .0 to which the bar n is pivotally attached, When the anle l) rotates in the directionof the arrow-y,

ment of said yoke landreturnsaicl parts totheir normally inoperative positions when the car-wheel axle is rotating below thepre:

determined speed orlis, at s andstill.

Suppose the contact-arms o and of have made contactatl and Set theswitoh. When,

- the axle b is rotating in the direction of arrow y in Fig, 3, then .the. current generated passes from the .brush at 5 (see Fig. 9) through thewire (i andthe contact-arm 0 to plate ,1, thence by-wire 7 through; the two field-coils of the dynamo, wire 8 to the rheostat, wire 9 to plate 3, and by contact-arm o, and, finally, by wire 10 to the dynamo-brush at 11, thereby'establishing a complete circuit, and the result will-be that'the circuit. passes through the main circuit 12 13 and the lamps 14: and other translating devices therein in the direction of the arrows, as, shown. N ow suppose the rotation of thecar-wheel axle and thearmature of thedynamo is reversed,

causing a change of polarity at the terminals 5 and 211. At the same time the'mechanical pole-changer has been operated and the .con-

tact-arms 0 and 0 have been' automatically shifted to make electrical contact with the plates 2.and -i,--respectively. The current generated will now pass from the terminal 11 of the dynamo through -wire 10, contact-arm ICC o to plate i, wire 15 to plate 1, and wire 7 through the field-coils, then through wire 8 to the rheostat, wire 9 to plate 3, wire 16 to plate 2, contact-arm o to wire 6, and terminating the completed circuit at the terminal 5 of the dynamo, while the current passes into and through the main circuit without any change of direction. In this manner the polarity of the dynamo is changed according to the direction of rotation of the car-wheel axle-and armature of the dynamo without altering-the direction of the current through the fields', thereby avoiding the danger of demagnetizing the magnets.

It will be evident that manychanges may be made in the arrangements and combinations ofthe parts herein shown, and I therefdre do .not wish tobe understood as limiting my invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the-parts as shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1.- In a means for. generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, the combination, with a car-wheel axle, of a dynamo on said axle,'a governor arranged on the axle, an electric regulating device controlled by said govern 01,

adapted to equ. lize the'output of electricity of the dynamo nd maintain-the same constunt, and a polerclianger comprising therein,

a pivotally-arranged contactnrm and means for actuating said arm from the car-wheel axle, and contacts in circuit with said dyname, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. I

2. 'In a meansfor generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, the combination, with a car-Wheel axle, of-a dynamo on said axle, a

governor, on said exle, an electricregulating device-controlled by said governor, adapted to equalize the output of electricity of the'dyname and maintain the'eurrentconstant, and

a pole-chenger actuated-iron; said ear-wheel axle, comprising therein, a pair of'coutact arms and a; corn operated by said axle, a bar or arm connected with said cam andadapt'ed to actuate said contnct arrus, and electrical contacts iucircuit with said dynamo, all orranged, substantially as and for-the purposes setforth. 1' 5 3. In a means for generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, the combination, with a car-wheelaxle, of adynalno on said aide, a

governor on said axle, an electric regulating device controlled by said governor, compr1s-' i'ng therein, an electric currentregulator or arm h controlled by said governor, a rheostat adopted to decrease the electroinotive force in the field-coil of the dynamo, and thereby equalize-the'voltage of the dynamo intothe main circuit, end a pole-chenger, comprising therein, a piyotellyarranged contact-arm, end means for ectuatingsard errn i'rornvthe' rotating car-Wheel axle, and electrical contests in circuit with said dynamwsubstantially es and for the purposes set forth.

t. in t means for generating electricity from n car-Wheel axle, the combination, "with a car-Wheel axle, of a dynamo on said axle, as governor on snid mile, on electric regulating device controlled by said governor, compris ing therein, en electric current-regulator ore'rm it controlled by said governor, a rheostat adapted to decrease-the electromotivc force in the field coil oi the dynamo and thereby equalize the vdltage of the dynamo into the main circuit, and a pole-changer actuated from thev car-wheel axle, consisting essen! fti'ally, of n cam, operated by smdaxlc and a pair of contact arms controlled by the action of said cam, end electrical contactsin ci rcult with said dynamo, all, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 5, In a insane for generating electricity from'zt car-wheel axle, in combination, with a oar-wheel axle, a dynamo, comprising therein, field-meguets, an armature, commutator,

land hrush holders, all made in heltsectione, and means for securing said half-sect ons to the car-wheel axle and togethe form n complete dynamo, substantially asand for the'pur'poscs set forth. n I 1 a 6,. in it means iorgeneratlng enactric ty from a car-Wheel a:-:le,'1n cor-:7 155L103}, en in a car-wheel axle, a dynamo, comprising therein, field-magnets, an armnture, commutator and brush-holder, all made in half-sections,

the car-wheel Lexie and together. to form a complete dynamo, n governor arranged on said-axle, and an electric regulating, device contr'olledby said governor, adapted to equal andmaiutain the. some constant, suh slam tially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In a means tor generating electricity from a car-ivheel axle, in oomhinutiomwith a car-wheel'axle, a dynamo, com prisingtherein, field-magnets, an armature, commutator land brush-holder, all made in half-sections,

.' means for securing said half-sections to the,

car wheel axle and together to form a complete dynam'o, a governor-"on said; axle, an electric regulating device controlled by said governorgend a pole-changer actuated from the car-.wheelfaxle, substantially as and for the purposes set forth,

8; In a means for generating electricity car-wheel axle, adynamo, comprising therein,

neti'cfields of the dynamo, and a pole-cha'nger on said casing,,actuated from the car-wheel, axle,'su'bstantiallyas and for the purposes set forth.'- V

f "10. In a nieensfor generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, in combination, with a car-wheel axlaadynamo, 'c-omprisingtherein "an armature-commutator. and hru'shtholder, all made in half-sections, means for scour: ing sdid -.halfse ctions tothe car-wheel axle and together, a shell or casing, also made in "half-sections, on said axle, and a core in each netic fields of the dynamo, a governor arranged directly on the car-wheel axle, and electric regulating device on said casing, controlled by said governor, adapted to squat.

and maintain the some constant, substan tmlly as and for the purposes set forth,

11. In a means for generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, in combination, with a oer-wheel axle, a d ynamo,co1nprising therein an armature, commutator and brush-holder,

'izethe output-of electricity ofthe dynamo an armature, commutator and h'rushdiolder, all made in half-sections, means for s'ecurinm vhalfsection of said casing, forming the mag-- ice the output of electricity'of the dynamo and means-forsecuz iug said hnlf 'sections to from a car-wheel axle, in combination, with a half-section of said casing, torming.the mogaxle, and an electric regulating device onsaid casing controlled by said governor, comprising therein, an electric-cnrrent regulator or arm h, and'arheostat adapted to decrease the clectromotive force in the field-coil of the dynamo, and thereby equalize the .voltage of the dynamo into the main circuit; substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

12. In a means for generating electricity from a car-Wheela'xle, in combination, a dynamo onthe car=wheel axle, ccmpri sin g therein, an armature-coil, magnetic cores f and f and coils f and f thereon,'a governor on the car-wheel axle, a current-controller h con trolled by said governoiy'a rheostat, circuit wires connecting said controller with the rheostat, circuit-wires connecting the field-coils with the rheost-at, and circuit -wires connecting'said field-coils with the main circuit-wires,

'all arranged, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

13. In a means for generating electricity fronra car-wheel axle, in combination, a dynamo on the car'wheel axle, com prisin g therein, an armature-coil, magnetic cores f and f" and coils ftand f thereon, a governor on the car-Wheel axle,a current-controller h controlled by said governor, a rheostat,- circuitwires connecting -the field-coils with the rheostat, circuit-wires connecting both field-coils with the main circuit-wires, a pole-changer,

comprising therein electrical contacts in circuit with the dynamo -,circu it, and circuitwires 15 and 16 connecting said contacts, all arranged on a car-truck, sub'stantiallyas and for the purposes set fort-h.

14. In a means for generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, in combination, with a car-wheel axle, half-sections a adapted to be secured on said axle to form a sleeve-,and a dynamo, com prisin g therein, field-magnets, and two armature-sections separately wound and connected to form a complete armature- Qoil, and a commutator and brush-holder, all

made in half-sections, all to form a complete dynamo, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

15, In a means for generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, in combination, with a car-wheel axle, half-sections a adapted to be secured on said axle to form a sleeve, and a dynamo, comprising therein, two armaturesections separatelywound and. connected to form a complete armaturecoil, and a commutator and brush-holders, all made in halfsections, as set forth, a casing E-o'n said carwheel axle, also made in half-sections, and cores f and f in each half-section'of said casing wound to form the field-coils of said dynamo, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. In a means for generating electricity from a car-wheel axle, the herein-described dynamo adapted to be secured to a car-wheel forming a casing, adapted to be secured to the'car-wheel axle, cores fand f forming stationary magnets, and an armature on said axle rotating between said magnets, consist-v ing essentially, of half-sections, secured together and wound to form seinicylindrical arstantially as and for the purposes setforth.

from, a car-wheel axle, the herein-described gdynamo, adapted to be secured to a car-wheel axle, comprising therein, half-bearings a .each half-bearing having a flange at one end, half-sections e and e forminga casing adapted said half-sections forming stationary magnets, an armature on said axle, rotating be tween said magnets, consisting essentially, of

form semicylindrical armature-coils, means half-bearings, commutator-sections made in brush-holders on said car-wheel axle, all arranged, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto s t my hand this 5th day of July, 1895.

MORRIS MOSKOWITZ. Witnesses:

'R. G. 'ToMrsoN,

FREDK, O. FRAENTZEL.

axle, comprising therein, two' half-sectionsmature-coils,and means for securing said sec-- tions together and to the car-wheel axle, sub

17.. In a means for generating electricity half-rings a secured together and wound to.

halves and secured to the car-wheel axle, and 9 to be secured to said axle, cores f and f in for securing said sections together, and to said IOO 

